Are real-world power systems really safe?

With the advent of new power system analysis software, a more detailed arc flash (AF) analysis can be performed under various load conditions. These new tools can also evaluate equipment damage, design systems with lower AF, and predict electrical fire locations based on high AF levels. This article demonstrates how AF levels change with available utility mega volt amperes (MVA), additions in connected load, and selection of system components. This article summarizes a detailed analysis of several power systems to illustrate the possible misuses of the "Risk Category Classification Tables" in the Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, 2004 (NFPA 70E), while pointing toward future improvements of such standards.