Numerical coupling models for complex systems and results

The paper gives a status of present electromagnetic (EM) coupling modeling capabilities. Starting from topologically designed systems, it shows how formal rules of the EM topology approach can provide guidance for EM coupling analysis or the development of protection against intentional electromagnetic interference (EMI)- related threats, even in the case of a poorly shielded system. After a review of currently available mature numerical techniques, a strategy allowing one to chain different numerical tools (including three-dimensional analysis tools, cable-networks tools, and circuit analysis procedures) is proposed in order to achieve EM coupling assessments on real complex systems. The paper also gives a status on several scientific trends likely to enhance modeling capabilities in the future.