Optimizing a Battery Energy Storage System for Primary Frequency Control

Author

Oudalov, Alexandre ; Chartouni, Daniel ; Ohler, Christian

Author_Institution

ABB Switzerland Ltd., Baden

Volume

22

Issue

3

fYear

2007

Firstpage

1259

Lastpage

1266

Abstract

This paper presents a method for the dimensioning of a battery energy storage system (BESS) to provide a primary frequency reserve. Numerical simulations based on historic frequency measurements are used to determine the minimum possible capacity, i.e., the lowest possible cost, which fulfills the technical requirements of the grid code. We implement a novel control algorithm with adjustable state of charge limits and the application of emergency resistors. At current European market prices, an optimized lead-acid BESS can be a profitable utility solution for the primary frequency control.

Keywords

energy storage; lead acid batteries; power system control; battery energy storage system; charge state limits; control algorithm; emergency resistors; lead-acid battery; primary frequency control; Batteries; Cost function; Energy storage; Frequency control; Frequency measurement; Numerical simulation; Personal communication networks; Power system interconnection; Resistors; Voltage; Ancillary service market; battery energy storage; net present value; primary frequency control;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0885-8950

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901459

Filename

4282047