Title :
A study of injection locking and pulling in oscillators
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Abstract :
Injection locking characteristics of oscillators are derived and a graphical analysis is presented that describes injection pulling in time and frequency domains. An identity obtained from phase and envelope equations is used to express the requisite oscillator nonlinearity and interpret phase noise reduction. The behavior of phase-locked oscillators under injection pulling is also formulated.
Keywords :
injection locked oscillators; phase locked loops; phase locked oscillators; Adler equation; envelope equation; frequency domain; injection locking; injection pulling; oscillator nonlinearity; oscillator pulling; phase equation; phase noise reduction; phase-locked oscillators; quadrature oscillators; time domain; Clocks; Frequency domain analysis; Frequency synthesizers; Injection-locked oscillators; Nonlinear equations; Phase noise; Radio frequency; Signal synthesis; Transceivers; Voltage-controlled oscillators; Adler's equation; injection locking; injection pulling; oscillator nonlinearity; oscillator pulling; quadrature oscillators;
Journal_Title :
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JSSC.2004.831608
