Xerographic development using single-component nonmagnetic toner

No magnetic material is necessary for this system. A thin layer of nonmagnetic toner is formed on the surface of a metal roller by means of an elastic plate which is pressed against the roller. The toner particles are charged triboelectrically by friction with the metal plate. The toner layer is attached to the roller by electrostatic force, and is carried around to the photosensitive drum. The latent image is developed with the noncontact development technique. The insulative toner developed for this system has a superior triboelectric characteristic. A model for toner charging is shown. The numerical calculations based on the model agree well with the experimental results. The model suggests that the metal plate controls the toner charge