The Effect of B $^{3+}$ and Ca $^{2+}$ Co-Doping on Factors Which Affect the Energy Resolution of Gd

This paper investigates the effects of boron and calcium co-doping on the measured energy resolution of Gd₃Ga₃Al₂O₁₂:Ce (GGAG: Ce). For this study, three samples of GAGG were grown using the Czochralski method. The first sample was doped with Ce³⁺ and was used as a reference for comparison. The next two samples were additionally doped with either B³⁺ or Ca²⁺. The boron co-doped sample was found to have an overall improved performance when compared to the reference sample. The light output of the GGAG:Ce,B was measured to be 10% greater than the reference sample. In addition, the sample was found to have less charge trapping and a more linear relative light yield response. These factors led to an observed improvement in energy resolution from 9% in the reference sample to 7.8% in the B ³⁺ co-doped sample. Co-doping with Ca²⁺ led to an overall reduction in charge trapping; however, the sample suffered a 30% reduction in light output, and it was found to have a less linear relative light yield than the reference sample. Its energy resolution was measured to be 10.1%. The relationship between the measured energy resolution and the other measured properties in these samples is discussed.