Some Parametric Techniques in the Analog Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations

The direct analog simulation of an ordinary differential equation over an interval for the independent variable is not possible whenever on that interval there is division by a variable which tends to zero, or there is a dependent variable such as a derivative which is represented by an integrator output and which becomes large without bound. Also, the raising of time dependent variables to fractional powers can require considerable analog equipment and introduce further error into a simulation.