Maximum operating frequency in Si bipolar master-slave toggle flip-flop circuit

Author

Ishii, Kiyoshi ; Ichino, Haruhiko ; Yamaguchi, Chikara

Author_Institution

NTT LSI Labs., Kanagawa, Japan

Volume

29

Issue

7

fYear

1994

fDate

7/1/1994 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

754

Lastpage

760

Abstract

This paper presents a propagation-delay equation which is expressed as the influence of the individual device and circuit parameters on the maximum operating frequency of Si bipolar master-slave toggle flip-flop (MS-TFF) circuit with double feedback emitter followers. This equation shows that optimizing the size of individual transistors can enhance the operating speed. Test results show a 10% increase in operating frequency by adopting this design technique. It is also shown that the time constants R_BC_jC, R_BC_D, T_F, R_LCj_C, and R _CCj_C of the upper-level current switch and T_F of the second feedback emitter follower greatly affect the operating speed of circuits using recently developed Si bipolar transistors. The results predicted by the equation are in good agreement with both the experimental ones and SPICE simulations

Keywords

bipolar integrated circuits; delays; elemental semiconductors; emitter-coupled logic; feedback; flip-flops; integrated logic circuits; logic design; sensitivity analysis; sequential circuits; silicon; Si; Si bipolar IC; bipolar transistors; circuit parameters; design technique; device parameters; double feedback emitter followers; master-slave toggle flip-flop circuit; maximum operating frequency; propagation-delay equation; time constants; Bipolar transistors; Circuit testing; Equations; Feedback circuits; Flip-flops; Frequency; Master-slave; SPICE; Switches; Switching circuits;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9200

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/4.303712

Filename

303712