Title : 
Subsurface object sensing with a multifrequency microwave radiometer
         
        
            Author : 
Johnson, Joel T. ; Kim, Hyunjun ; Wiggins, David R. ; Cheon, Yonghun
         
        
            Author_Institution : 
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH, USA
         
        
        
        
        
            fDate : 
12/1/2002 12:00:00 AM
         
        
        
        
            Abstract : 
Experimental results are reported for sensing of subsurface objects with a multifrequency radiometer (MFRAD) system. Properties of the MFRAD system are reviewed, and the calibration and experimental procedures are discussed. Results with subsurface metallic, styrofoam, and plastic targets are then provided that demonstrate an oscillatory behavior in brightness temperatures versus frequency in the presence of a subsurface object. Measured data are also compared with a simple layered medium brightness temperature model and show reasonable agreement with predicted trends of brightness temperatures versus frequency. The oscillatory behaviors versus frequency obtained in the presence of both metallic and nonmetallic subsurface objects should prove advantageous for designing object detection procedures.
         
        
            Keywords : 
landmine detection; microwave measurement; radiometers; brightness temperature model; calibration; experimental procedures; humanitarian demining; metallic objects; multifrequency microwave radiometer; nonmetallic objects; object detection procedures; plastic objects; radiometry; styrofoam objects; subsurface object sensing; subsurface sensing; thermal emission; Brightness temperature; Clutter; Geometry; Ground penetrating radar; Instruments; Microwave frequencies; Microwave radiometry; Object detection; Predictive models; Spatial resolution;
         
        
        
            Journal_Title : 
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on
         
        
        
        
        
            DOI : 
10.1109/TGRS.2002.807753