Title :
Properties of an optically pumped cesium-beam frequency standard with Φ=π between the two oscillatory fields
Author :
Audoin, Claude ; Giordano, Vincent ; Dimarcq, Noel ; Cerez, P. ; Petit, Pierre ; Theobald, Genevieve
Author_Institution :
Lab. de l´´Horloge Atomique, CNRS, Orsay, France
fDate :
8/1/1994 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The properties of optically pumped cesium-beam resonators showing a phase difference, Φ, of π between the two oscillatory fields are analyzed. They are compared with those occurring with Φ=0, when the interrogation signal is slowly square-wave frequency modulated. The value of the operating parameters which optimizes the resonator properties is given for Φ=0 and π,taking into account the effect of the noise sources which perturb the atom detection. It is shown that the design with Φ=π is superior. It provides a better frequency stability and smaller frequency offsets. The conclusion holds for short as well as long tubes
Keywords :
atomic beams; caesium; cavity resonators; frequency measurement; frequency stability; measurement standards; optical pumping; Cs; Cs beam; Maxwellian velocity distribution; Ramsey cavity; atom detection; atomic transition; cavity pulling; frequency offsets; frequency stability; interrogation signal; noise sources; optically pumped cesium-beam frequency standard; oscillatory fields; resonator properties; square-wave frequency modulated signal; Extremities; Frequency modulation; Helium; Laser excitation; Magnetic resonance; Optical modulation; Optical pumping; Optical resonators; Optical waveguides; Stability;
Journal_Title :
Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on
