Title :
Bidirectional higher order cascaded Raman amplification benefits for 10-Gb/s WDM unrepeated transmission systems
Author :
Faralli, Stefano ; Bolognini, Gabriele ; Sacchi, Giovanni ; Sugliani, Simone ; Pasquale, Fabrizio Di
Author_Institution :
Scuola Superiore Sant´´Anna, Studi Univ. e Perfezionamento, Pisa, Italy
Abstract :
Benefits provided by higher order bidirectional Raman pumping schemes in 10-Gb/s unrepeated wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission systems are experimentally quantified in terms of BER performances at 10 Gb/s. By keeping under control double-Rayleigh-scattering-noise-induced transmission penalties, which can degrade system performance at very high ON-OFF Raman gain, as well as nonlinear propagation effects such as Brillouin scattering, self- and cross-phase modulations, four-wave-mixing, and Raman-induced crosstalks, we show a total unrepeated system reach enhancement up to 3.5 dB with respect to first-order bidirectional pumping. As confirmed by theory, the maximum reach enhancement is mainly limited by pump-to-signal relative intensity noise transfer induced by higher order copumping.
Keywords :
Brillouin spectra; Raman spectra; Rayleigh scattering; error statistics; multiwave mixing; optical crosstalk; optical fibre communication; optical noise; optical pumping; self-phase modulation; wavelength division multiplexing; 10 Gbit/s; BER; Brillouin scattering; Raman amplification; Raman pumping; Raman-induced crosstalk; WDM; bidirectional amplification; cascaded amplification; cross-phase modulation; double-Rayleigh scattering noise; first-order bidirectional pumping; four-wave mixing; higher order amplification; higher order copumping; nonlinear propagation effects; on-off Raman gain; pump-to-signal noise transfer; relative intensity noise transfer; self-phase modulation; transmission penalties; unrepeated transmission systems; Bit error rate; Control systems; Crosstalk; Degradation; Nonlinear control systems; Performance gain; Raman scattering; Stimulated emission; System performance; Wavelength division multiplexing; Optical communication systems; Raman amplifiers; Rayleigh scattering; relative intensity noise (RIN);
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2005.850807
