The threshold for intracavity breakdown in large CO and CO
2lasers has been calculated from solutions for the electron-energy distribution function as a function of incident laser flux. For fluxes of high intensity and short duration, a threshold fluence of

J/cm
2for He/N
2/CO
2mixtures and

J/cm
2for He/CO is predicted. For breakdown at lower fluxes with pulses

s, the threshold becomes flux dependent with values of f
cwbetween

W/cm
2for typical He/N
2/CO
2mixtures and

W/cm
2for He/CO mixtures. Breakdown by pulses traversing laser-amplifier stages is also investigated using both the rate equation and coherent propagation formulation of the problem. It is found that in most cases of interest, breakdown occurs in the short-pulse regime and the coherent solution for the temporal structure is required.