Title :
Fair watermarking using combinatorial isolation lemmas
Author :
Wong, Jennifer L. ; Majumdar, Rupak ; Potkonjak, Miodrag
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Abstract :
Watermarking is one of the most effective mechanisms for intellectual property protection (IPP) of hardware and software artifacts. Numerous watermarking-based IPP techniques have been proposed that satisfy a spectrum of IPP desiderata, including full preservation of functionality, low timing, area and power overhead, transparency to the synthesis and compilation process, and resilience against attacks. Two objectives that are very important, but, until now have not yet been properly addressed, are credibility and fairness. We present a new watermarking technique that specifically targets credibility and fairness. Using a combinatorial result by Valiant and Vazirani, we demonstrate how these two desiderata can be achieved during the watermarking of a satisfiability (SAT) instance. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated on both specially created examples, where the number of solutions is known, as well as on common computer-aided design and operational research SAT benchmark instances.
Keywords :
combinatorial mathematics; computability; industrial property; security of data; watermarking; Boolean satisfiability; combinatorial isolation lemmas; computer-aided design; fair watermarking; intellectual property protection; operational research; Cryptography; Design automation; Hardware; Helium; Intellectual property; Protection; Resilience; Silicon; Timing; Watermarking; 65; Boolean satisfiability; IPP; SAT; intellectual property protection; watermarking;
Journal_Title :
Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCAD.2004.836730