Title :
Internet filtering in China
Author :
Zittrain, Jonathan ; Edelman, Benjamin
Author_Institution :
Berkman Center for Internet & Soc., Harvard Law Sch., Cambridge, MA, USA
Abstract :
We collected data on the methods, scope, and depth of selective barriers to Internet usage through networks in China. Tests conducted from May through November 2002 indicated at least four distinct and independently operable Internet filtering methods - Web server IP address, DNS server IP address, keyword, and DNS redirection with a quantifiable leap in filtering sophistication beginning in September 2002.
Keywords :
Internet; Web sites; government policies; information dissemination; information filters; Chinese jurisdiction; DNS redirection; DNS server IP address; Internet filtering methods; Internet usage; People´s Republic of China; Web server IP address; censorship; filtering sophistication; keyword; online content; selective barriers; Government; IP networks; Information filtering; Information filters; Internet; Modems; Network servers; Testing; Uniform resource locators; Web server;
Journal_Title :
Internet Computing, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/MIC.2003.1189191
