Novel RC-active-network synthesis using generalized- immittance converters

A general synthesis procedure capable of realizing any stable transfer function is described; generalized-immittance converters are used in which the input immittance is proportional to load immittance. The resulting realizations are shown to have low sensitivity to element variations. The sensitivity in realizations of second-order transfer functions is independent of the selectivity and it is shown to be much lower than the sensitivity in realizations using positive-gain amplifiers or negative-immittance converters. A unique feature is that in some cases the same circuit can be used as a low-pass as well as a high-pass filter. The synthesis procedure is illustrated by examples and experimental results.