Miniaturisation of microstrip patch antenna using perturbation of radiating slot

A highly miniaturised rectangular microstrip patch antenna using deformation of the patch structure has been designed and fabricated at a frequency of 1.575 GHz (GPS). The fabricated antenna has a patch with an overall rectangular shape and depressed at its four corners (corner depressed microstrip patch antenna, CDMPA). In the linear polarisation, at a fixed rate of 1.2 of width/length (W/L), the CDMPA (53×63.6 mm) is reduced to 43.9% of the general plane type microstrip patch antenna (MPA, 80×96 mm) in patch size. The gain is 4.3 dBd which is lower than that of the general MPA (8 dBd) by 3.7 dB. In the circular polarisation, the patch size of the CDMPA (54.2×61.5 mm) is reduced to 52.8% of that of the MPA (76×83 mm). The axial ratio (AR) and axial ratio band width (ARBW) within 2 dB are 1.5 dB and 20 MHz (1.27%), respectively. The gain is 2.5 dBd, which is lower than that (4.2 dBd) of the general MPA by 1.7 dB.