An Exact Fast Load Flow Method Including Second Order Terms in Rectangular Coordinates

This paper presents an improved second order load flow method in rectangular coordinates which is distinctly superior to the existing second order methods from the point of view of both speed and storage. Further, the proposed method´s memory requirement is comparable to that of the Fast Decoupled Load Flow (FULF) method. The new method would be considerably faster than the FOLF method for a number of systems for which the FDLF method requires a large number of iterations to converge. The proposed method is highly reliable and it gives solutions for a number of systems for which the FDLF method fails. In addition a novel procedure for handling generator bus Q limit violations is also presented.