LTC Transformers and MVAR Violations in the Fast Decoupled Load Flow

One of the main problems in composite reliability and contingency analysis is that several hundred and even several thousand load flows must be studied. A fast load flow is therefore of great importance. The Fast Decoupled Load Flow has proved fast, precise and reliable. The presence of load tap changing (LTC) transformers and MVAR violations can increase significantly the number of iterations in this technique. This paper describes methods by which LTC transformers and MVAR violations can be implemented in a Fast Decoupled Load Flow without increasing the number of iterations.