Title :
A new bound and algorithm for Star 16-QAM carrier phase estimation
Author :
Rice, Feng ; Rice, Mark ; Cowley, Bill
Author_Institution :
Cooperative Res. Center for Sensor Signal & Inf. Process., Univ. of Adelaide, SA, Australia
fDate :
2/1/2003 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The true Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived and evaluated for the estimation of carrier phase of Star 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and can be simply applied to carrier frequency estimation. Different geometries are investigated by varying the ring ratio (RR). For signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) between 6-15 dB, the CRLB with RR=3 is lower than that of Square 16-QAM. A modified phase estimator is presented, which closely follows the new CRLB. Investigation of symbol error performance in short packet length reveals Star 16-QAM to be superior to Square 16-QAM for SNR<13 dB, which is a reasonable operating range for a coded system. Although Square 16-QAM and Star RR=1.8 are optimum for a perfect receiver, when the effect of phase estimation is considered, we find Star RR=3 to be better for SNR below 10 dB.
Keywords :
frequency estimation; phase estimation; quadrature amplitude modulation; Cramer-Rao lower bound; SNR; Square 16-QAM; Star 16-QAM; carrier frequency estimation; carrier phase estimation; quadrature amplitude modulation; ring ratio; signal-to-noise ratio; symbol error performance; Amplitude modulation; Australia; Detectors; Frequency estimation; Frequency synchronization; Phase estimation; Phase modulation; Phase shift keying; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Signal to noise ratio;
Journal_Title :
Communications, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCOMM.2003.809235
