DocumentCode :
1171613
Title :
Exposing digital forgeries in color filter array interpolated images
Author :
Popescu, Alin C. ; Farid, Hany
Author_Institution :
Comput. Sci. Dept., Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH, USA
Volume :
53
Issue :
10
fYear :
2005
Firstpage :
3948
Lastpage :
3959
Abstract :
With the advent of low-cost and high-resolution digital cameras, and sophisticated photo editing software, digital images can be easily manipulated and altered. Although good forgeries may leave no visual clues of having been tampered with, they may, nevertheless, alter the underlying statistics of an image. Most digital cameras, for example, employ a single sensor in conjunction with a color filter array (CFA), and then interpolate the missing color samples to obtain a three channel color image. This interpolation introduces specific correlations which are likely to be destroyed when tampering with an image. We quantify the specific correlations introduced by CFA interpolation, and describe how these correlations, or lack thereof, can be automatically detected in any portion of an image. We show the efficacy of this approach in revealing traces of digital tampering in lossless and lossy compressed color images interpolated with several different CFA algorithms.
Keywords :
cameras; data compression; image coding; image colour analysis; interpolation; optical filters; CFA; channel color image; color filter array; digital cameras; digital forensics; digital images; digital tampering; image compression; interpolation; photo editing software; Color; Digital cameras; Digital filters; Digital images; Forgery; Image coding; Image sensors; Interpolation; Sensor arrays; Statistics; Digital forensics; digital tampering;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
1053-587X
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TSP.2005.855406
Filename :
1511009
Link To Document :
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