Current Electric System Operating Problems from a Cogenerator´s Viewpoint

The power system operating problems from a cogenerator´s viewpoint are presented considering steam power constraints of the cogeneration process, control of tie-lines to cogeneration plants, voltage support, emergency response, and maintenance. Also discussed is the technical planning problems associated with system protection, under frequency loadshedding and needs for long term operations planning. As the amount of cogeneration increases in the electric utility industry, additional concerns arise in various purchase and sale contracts and administration requirements for both the cogenerator and electric utility.