Elevation analysis for urban microcell outdoor measurements at 2.3 GHz

This paper presents the analysis of departure elevation angles for the urban microcell radio channel measurements at 2.3 GHz. The measurements were conducted with EB Propsound CS™ for 30 × 16 antenna configuration in Oulu city center, Finland. The transmitter (Tx) antenna heights of 5 m and 10 m were used. The Tx antenna elements were arranged in the plus shape and nine antenna elements were placed with linear spacing in the vertical dimension providing high elevation resolution and an accurate elevation angle estimate for the departure angles. The measurement results indicate that the Laplacian distribution can be used for modelling the elevation angles of departure. A smaller elevation spread of departure (ESD) is observed for the higher Tx antenna height. Furthermore, a significant difference in ESDs between the line-of-sight (LOS) and the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environments are noticed. The ESD with respect to distance is observed to follow the negative exponential model and the linear model in the LOS and the NLOS propagation environments, respectively.