A compact nonlinear equivalent circuit model and parameter extraction method for packaged high-speed VCSELs

A compact nonlinear circuit model for the input of packaged high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented in this paper. The model includes the thermal effects as well as the parasitics, due to the various levels of the packaging hierarchy, to ensure a realistic representation of the input of the VCSELs. The values of the model parameters are extracted from dc current-light-voltage characteristics and S₁₁ vector measurements using a two-step parameter extraction procedure. Extraction of the model parameters and comparison between measured and simulated results have been performed for two different commercially available VCSELs operating at 2.5 Gb/s. The achieved agreement between the measured and simulated results is very satisfactory for the dc as well for the S₁₁ curves in the frequency range from 3 MHz to 3 GHz.