Title :
An adaptive compressed MPEG-2 video watermarking scheme
Author :
Biswas, Satyen ; Das, Sunil R. ; Petriu, Emil M.
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Inf. Technol. & Eng., Univ. of Ottawa, Ont., Canada
Abstract :
Digital watermarking is becoming more and more important for protecting the authenticity of multimedia objects as they become easier to copy, exchange, and modify. Several watermarking schemes have been proposed in recent years, but most of them deal with still images, only some being extended over to the temporal domain for video watermarking. But again most of those approaches are applied to uncompressed video processing domain. In the subject paper, a new compressed video watermarking procedure is proposed. The developed method embeds several binary images, decomposed from a single watermark image, into different scenes of a video sequence. The spatial spread spectrum watermark is embedded directly into the compressed bit streams by modifying discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients. In order to embed the watermark with minimum loss in image fidelity, a visual mask based on local image characteristics is incorporated. Extensive experimental simulations demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme is substantially more effective and robust against spatial attacks such as scaling, rotation, frame averaging, and filtering, besides temporal attacks like frame dropping and temporal shifting.
Keywords :
adaptive codes; data compression; discrete cosine transforms; image sequences; transform coding; video coding; watermarking; DCT; MPEG-2; adaptive compression; binary image; bit-plane image; digital watermarking; discrete cosine transform; edge detection; image fidelity; multimedia object; spread spectrum watermark; uncompressed video processing; video sequence; video watermarking; Discrete cosine transforms; Image coding; Layout; Protection; Spread spectrum communication; Streaming media; Transform coding; Video compression; Video sequences; Watermarking; Bit-plane image; MPEG-2; compressed domain; edge detection; local activity; watermarking;
Journal_Title :
Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TIM.2005.855084