Insulation Coordination Designs of HVDC Converter Installations

There have been as many insulation coordination schemes as there exits HVDC transmission systems throughout the world due to the complexity and variety of terminal arrangements. This paper presents the first consolidated treatise with heretofore needed completeness and a significant amount of previously unpublished data obtained from surveys. It furnishes a comprehensive digest of tried schemes from which new HVDC converter terminals can be designed. Included are equipment insulation levels, arrester protective characteristics, and even protective margins where possible on each of the varied schemes.