Perfectly matched layer implementation using bilinear transform for microwave device applications

This paper presents an extensive study on the perfectly matched layer (PML) implementation using bilinear transform in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The bilinear transform is used to implement both the stretched coordinate PML (SC-PML) and the uniaxial PML (UPML) with the complex frequency-shifted (CFS) equations. It is shown that with the CFS factor, the implemented SC-PML and UPML attain significantly lower relative reflection error over wide frequency range with both superior in performance to the split-field PML. The FDTD algorithm incorporating these PMLs is applied to analyze wide-band responses of some complex microwave devices, including RF microelectromechanical systems switch and coplanar waveguide crossover junction.