A signal transmission system can be modeled as a system terminated in a reactive load

driven by a source with an internal resistance

via an intermediate two-port network. If

is the source-to-load voltage transfer function, a very simple expression for the maximum value of the integral

is given. Using this value and under the condition that an active device with low input conductance is used in the front stage of a receiver, the overall noise figure of the input stage is found to be

. Therefore, by using small

\´s we can manage to make the noise figure quite small at rather large wide bands

.