Antenna miniaturization techniques for wireless applications

In wireless communication, antenna miniaturization is a vital issue these days. This paper presents the simulation analysis of small planar antennas using different antenna miniaturization techniques. They have brought to define miniaturization methods by which we can estimate the use of micro strip antennas. Various govt. and private sector organizations made use of these techniques to solve the problem of antenna fabrication in mobiles, satellites, missiles, radar navigational aids and military applications. These techniques are used to reduce the physical size but to increase the bandwidth and efficiency of antenna. Some approaches for antenna miniaturization are introduction of slots, slits, short meandering and novel geometries like fractals or by using higher dielectrics constant. The effect of miniaturization in various antenna parameters like, radiation efficiency, gain and bandwidth are discussed. Finally the paper reports a brief description of miniaturization of antenna by using suitable and efficient methods that includes use of double layered substrate structure in microstrip patch antenna.