Title :
Whole-Cell Sensing for a Harmful Bloom-Forming Microscopic Alga by Measuring Antibody–Antigen Forces
Author :
Lee, Alexander S. ; Mahapatro, Mrinal ; Caron, David A. ; Requicha, Aristides A.G. ; Stauffer, Beth A. ; Thompson, Mark E. ; Zhou, Chongwu
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Chem. Eng., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Abstract :
Aureococcus anophagefferens, a harmful bloom-forming alga responsible for brown tides in estuaries of the Middle Atlantic U.S., has been investigated by atomic force microscopy for the first time, using probes functionalized with a monoclonal antibody specific for the alga. The rupture force between a single monoclonal antibody and the surface of A. anophagefferens was experimentally found to be 246 plusmn 11 pN at the load rate of 12 nN/s. Force histograms for A. anophagefferens and other similarly-sized algae are presented and analyzed. The results illustrate the effects of load rates, and demonstrate that force-distance measurements can be used to build biosensors with high signal-to-noise ratios for A. anophagefferens. The methods described in this paper can be used, in principle, to construct sensors with single-cell resolution for arbitrary cells for which monoclonal antibodies are available
Keywords :
atomic force microscopy; biomechanics; biosensors; cellular biophysics; fracture; microorganisms; molecular biophysics; proteins; Aureococcus anophagefferens; antibody-antigen forces; atomic force microscopy; biosensors; force-distance measurements; harmful bloom-forming microscopic alga; monoclonal antibodies; rupture force; single-cell resolution; whole-cell sensing; Algae; Atomic force microscopy; Atomic measurements; Biosensors; Force measurement; Histograms; Probes; Sensor phenomena and characterization; Signal to noise ratio; Tides; Atomic force microscopy; Aureococcus anophagefferens; biosensors; force-distance measurements; single-cell identification;
Journal_Title :
NanoBioscience, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TNB.2006.880767
