Current saturation in submillimeter-wave varactors

In semiconductor devices the speed of electrons cannot exceed certain limits. This phenomenon will affect varactor multipliers as well as other high-frequency devices where the RF current through the active part of the device is primarily displacement current. Hence, at some point, `saturation´ of the varactor output power is expected. The authors discuss this phenomenon in some detail and show that it severely deteriorates the multiplier performance at higher frequencies. Single barrier varactors (SBVs) should have an advantage over GaAs Schottky diode varactors because they can be fabricated on InAs and stacked in a series array, allowing for lower current densities and higher power handling