Short-Term Frequency Stability of the Rb87 Maser

Measurements of the short-term stability of the Rb87 maser are reported here. The measurements were made as a function of the maser power output and of the receiver cutoff frequency. The experimental data are compared to theoretical results obtained from an approximate theory. In this theory the transfer function of the maser for thermal noise is derived, and the spectral density of the phase fluctuations is calculated. An analytical expression for the "Allan variance" is also given. A comparison of the stability of the Rb87 maser with existing frequency standards shows its superiority for averaging times less than 1 s. We obtain ¿f/f ¿ 1.3 × 10-3 ¿-1. A stability of 5 × 10-12 for ¿ ¿1000 s is also reported.