EC-ANN models for CPW discontinuities

Novel accurate and efficient equivalent circuit trained artificial neural-network (EC-ANN) models, which inherit and develop advantages of EC models and EM-ANN models, have been developed for coplanar waveguide (CPW) discontinuities. Modelled discontinuities include CPW open stub, gap and air-bridge, for which validation tests are performed. These models allow for circuit design, simulation and optimisation within a CAD simulator.