Adaptive algorithm for direct frequency estimation

Based on the linear prediction property of sinusoidal signals, a new adaptive method is proposed for frequency estimation of a real tone in white noise. Using the least mean square approach, the estimator is computationally efficient and it provides unbiased and direct frequency measurements on a sample-by-sample basis. Convergence behaviour of the estimated frequency is analysed and its variance in white Gaussian noise is derived. Computer simulations are included to corroborate the theoretical analysis and to show its comparative performance with two adaptive frequency estimators in non-stationary environments.