An Analog Model of Neutral-to-Earth Voltages in a Single-Phase Distribution System

An analog model has been developed to illustrate the neutral-to-earth voltage phenomenon associated with multigrounded single-phase distribution systems. The model can be used to demonstrate the effects on primary lines of magnitude and location of loads with respect to the substation, poor neutral connections, and poor grounds. On secondary lines the effects of poor connections, poor grounds, and undersized neutrals can be illustrated with two farmstead loads. These loads can be connected to illustrate the effects of loads in phase and out of phase with the primary line and the influence of one farm on another. The effect of separating primary and secondary neutrals can be illustrated.