Title :
"Sticky Hands": learning and generalization for cooperative physical interactions with a humanoid robot
Author :
Hale, Joshua G. ; Pollick, Frank E.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Humanoid Robotics & Comput. Neurosci., Japan Sci. & Technol. Agency Int. Cooperative Res. Project, Kyoto, Japan
Abstract :
"Sticky Hands" is a physical game for two people involving gentle contact with the hands. The aim is to develop relaxed and elegant motion together, achieve physical sensitivity-improving reactions, and experience an interaction at an intimate yet comfortable level for spiritual development and physical relaxation. We developed a control system for a humanoid robot allowing it to play Sticky Hands with a human partner. We present a real implementation including a physical system, robot control, and a motion learning algorithm based on a generalizable intelligent system capable itself of generalizing observed trajectories\´ translation, orientation, scale and velocity to new data, operating with scalable speed and storage efficiency bounds, and coping with contact trajectories that evolve over time. Our robot control is capable of physical cooperation in a force domain, using minimal sensor input. We analyze robot-human interaction and relate characteristics of our motion learning algorithm with recorded motion profiles. We discuss our results in the context of realistic motion generation and present a theoretical discussion of stylistic and affective motion generation based on, and motivating cross-disciplinary research in computer graphics, human motion production and motion perception.
Keywords :
computer games; cooperative systems; generalisation (artificial intelligence); human computer interaction; humanoid robots; intelligent robots; learning (artificial intelligence); motion estimation; Sticky Hands game; computer graphics; cooperative physical interaction; generalizable intelligent system; humanoid robots; motion generation; motion learning algorithm; robot control; robot-human interaction; Control systems; Force sensors; Humanoid robots; Humans; Intelligent robots; Intelligent sensors; Intelligent systems; Motion analysis; Robot control; Sensor phenomena and characterization; Compliance; Sticky Hands; cooperation; humanoid robots; motion generalization; motion learning;
Journal_Title :
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TSMCC.2004.840063