DocumentCode :
1203579
Title :
An Optimally Energized Cardiac Pacemaker
Author :
Klafter, Richard D.
Author_Institution :
Biomedical Engineering and Science Program, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104.
Issue :
5
fYear :
1973
Firstpage :
350
Lastpage :
356
Abstract :
Batteries that power implanted cardiac pacemakers deteriorate because of energy drain and permeation of body fluids. They must, therefore, be replaced periodically, most often by means of an operation. In this paper, the stimulating waveform that draws the least amount of energy from the battery and also delivers the minimum energy to a heart cell is derived. It is shown that a 31-percent reduction in energy (with respect to that required by the standard rectangular pulse) can be achieved if the pulse duration is about twice the cell time constant. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the required energy is insensitive to pulse-duration variations (due to component changes). An easily synthesized suboptimal approximation is developed and requires only slightly more energy than the optimal pulse.
Keywords :
Batteries; Circuits; Contracts; Electrodes; Encapsulation; Heart; Pacemakers; Power supplies; Signal processing; Timing; Electricity; Mathematics; Pacemaker, Artificial; Pulse;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9294
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TBME.1973.324287
Filename :
4120669
Link To Document :
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