Electrothermal coordination part II: case studies

The concept of electrothermal coordination (ETC) in power system operation introduced in Part I proposes to exploit thermal inertia to coordinate line temperature dynamics with existing power system controls, thus increasing power transfer capability and enhancing system security and economic performance. In this Part II, the characteristics of ETC and its benefits in operational functions such as augmenting power transfer capability, emergency control, congestion management, and system loadability are numerically analyzed through a number of case studies. This paper also examines some practical issues concerning the deployment of ETC.