A fully asynchronous low-power error corrector for the DCC player

A fully asynchronous implementation of a complete DCC error corrector is presented that consumes 10 mW at 5 V, only a fifth of its synchronous counterpart, This is achieved by eliminating clocks, and exploiting the additional freedom in architecture provided by the absence of a clock. The corrector has been integrated in an experimental player and is both functionally and audibly correct. Handshake circuits are proposed as an architecture that enables structured design of asynchronous circuits through a consistent application of handshake signaling at all design levels. Handshake circuits are compiled fully automatically from high-level descriptions, and are implemented quasi delay insensitively using 4-phase handshake signaling and double-rail data encoding. The resulting circuits are self-initializable and testable