Limiting efficiencies of integrating single junction with intermediate band solar cells for multiphysics effects

The multi-physics aspects of hybrid solar cells has provided the numerous advantages. To overcome the disadvantage of tandem solar cells like three or four junctions, single junction and intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) integrated concept is useful alternatives to replace the tandem solar cells configuration. IBSC has triple carrier transitions so that integrating with single junction can show the similar characteristics of conventional four junction tandem solar cells. From the advantages of this hybrid solar cells, we investigates the theoretical approaches and the appropriate material selections.