Title :
Sensors for Use with Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation
Author :
Crago, Patrick E. ; Chizeck, Howard J. ; Neuman, Michael R. ; Hambrecht, F. Terry
Author_Institution :
Applied Neural Control Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 and the Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Department of Orthopedics, Cleveland Metropolitan General/Highland View Hospital
Abstract :
Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) designates artificially applied electrical activation of muscles to restore function lost as a result of neurological lesions. FNS prostheses are currently being designed to restore urinary bladder control, standing, walking, and hand function. All of these prostheses need sensors for interaction with the human users and the environment. This paper discusses each of these prostheses with special regard to the use of sensors and the design specifications that the sensors must meet.
Keywords :
Biomedical engineering; Bladder; Humans; Lesions; Muscles; Nervous system; Neuromuscular stimulation; Prosthetics; Spinal cord; Transducers; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Microelectrodes; Neuromuscular Junction; Prostheses and Implants; Transducers;
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TBME.1986.325808
