Average-intensity reconstruction and Wiener reconstruction of bioelectric current distribution based on its estimated covariance matrix

Proposes two methods for reconstructing current distributions from biomagnetic measurements. Both of these methods are based on estimating the source-current covariance matrix from the measured-data covariance matrix. One method is the reconstruction of average current intensity distributions. This method first estimates the source-current covariance matrix and, using its diagonal terms, it reconstructs current intensity distributions averaged over a certain time. Although the method does not reconstruct the orientation of each current element at each time instant, it can retrieve information regarding the current time-averaged intensity at each voxel location using extremely low SNR data. The second method is Wiener reconstruction using the estimated source-current covariance matrix. Unlike the first method, this Wiener reconstruction can provide a current distribution with its orientation at each time instant. Computer simulation shows that the Wiener method is less affected by the choice of the regularization parameter, resulting in a method that is more effective than the conventional minimum-norm method when the SNR of the measurement is low.