Topology optimization: An effective method for designing front metallization patterns of solar cells

Optimal front electrode design is one of the approaches to improve the performance of solar cells. This work introduces the application of topology optimization (TO) to design complex front metallization patterns for solar cells. TO optimizes the distribution of electrode material on the front surface of the solar cell, such that its power production is maximized. It serves to achieve a local voltage distribution on the front surface that allows maximum possible current to flow across the solar cell. To demonstrate the capability of TO, it is applied over three different configurations - square-shaped, rectangular and circular. The results presented here demonstrate that TO can be an effective method to design complex front electrode patterns. In addition, it helps to reduce the amount of electrode material used in the solar cell, thereby reducing the net cost per kWh of power output.