Antenna and other systematic effects on amplitude comparison monopulse systems

The paper discusses, both mathematically and systematically, a typical 4-port equispaced (over 360¿¿) antenna amplitude-comparison direction-finding system which operates over a wide microwave bandwidth. System components are examined in terms of their effect on performance and methods for reducing errors are discussed. A simple example of using a stored-calibration process is presented and it is shown that errors in measuring bearing can be reduced by at least 20% when using stored-calibration methods.