A new model for nonlinear anisotropic hard magnetic material

The angular dependence of the coercive field for permanent magnets is studied, and accurate expressions for the magnetization curve are obtained for any direction of the applied field H. These expressions can be easily used for finite-element analysis using the scalar potential. An example of a nonlinear case shows excellent agreement between calculated and experimental values when the magnet representation includes their real texture. The method is useful for the design of devices using ferrite magnets or high-temperature NdFeB magnets