Combined state estimation and measurement calibration

A measurement calibration method is described in this paper. The proposed method identifies calibration models for the uncalibrated measurements and estimates the calibration model parameters along with the system states. The permanent nature of calibration errors allows their estimation by using multiple scans of measurements. The parametric models of the measurements can be estimated by reformulating the conventional system state estimation problem and incorporating calibration models. The paper also addresses the issues of network and parameter observability and provides simulation results for cases involving the IEEE 14-bus test system.