Elevation angle dependence of fading for satellite PCS in urban areas

Images of urban Japan taken vertically through a 180° fisheye lens were analysed to derive, as a function of elevation, the fractions of sky that are clear, shadowed by trees, or blocked by buildings. At a 32° elevation, the results match those derived from satellite measurements fitted to a three-state fade model. Using the same model, the elevation angle dependence of mobile satellite fading is predicted for the first time