A matrix formulation for noise transduction as a general case of noise measure

Conventional noise characteristics of an active device or circuit are given by the minimum noise figure, the optimum source reflection coefficient, and a noise resistance. The noise measure proposed extends the noise figure to include the available gain of the network, for the case of a conjugate output match, and gives values that minimize the noise power available from the network consistent with maximum available gain. Noise transduction follows as a general case of the noise measure by using the transducer gain with any output load. A new noise equation is derived that is solved for the minimum transduced noise, the optimum source impedance, and the optimum load impedance. These equations minimize the noise power delivered to the load impedance consistent with a maximum in the transducer gain.<>