Steady-state analysis of power system having multiple FACTS devices using line-flow-based equations

Application of FACTS devices in power systems is promising new and more efficient operating scenarios for implementing the transfer of power in a bulk grid or RTO (regional transmission operator). With FACTS devices installed in a power system, methods based on traditional busbar-oriented power flow methods need substantial modifications for handling series line flow control as well as shunt injection powers, as evidenced in the many approaches proposed in the literature. Traditional busbar-oriented power flow algorithms use busbar voltage magnitudes and phase angles as independent variables. An alternative line-flow-and-busbar-voltage-magnitude-based formulation is shown to be more useful in solving the power system with FACTS devices under steady state conditions. Such a formulation permits much greater flexibility in evaluating the FACTS device ratings. All the common FACTS device models are easily incorporated in the new framework. The potential of the alternative formulation is demonstrated through the solution of examples with FACTS devices