Title :
Optical characterisation of Z-cut proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides fabricated using orthophosphoric and pyrophosphoric acid
Author :
Loni, A. ; Keys, R.W. ; De La Rue, R.M. ; Foad, M.A. ; Winfield, J.M.
Author_Institution :
Glasgow Univ., UK
fDate :
12/1/1989 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The authors carry out a systematic study of the proton-exchange waveguides. Proton-exchange is carried out using three different processes: surface-coating, spin-coating, and immersion. Waveguide refractive index profiles and effective diffusion coefficients (210°C to 235°C), as determined from optical waveguide prism coupling measurements, have been compared to those of waveguides fabricated by immersion in benzoic acid. In addition to there being no apparent differences in the optical quality and properties of waveguides fabricated using phosphoric and benzoic acids, contrary to previous reports, they do not find any major advantages in using the surface coating or spin coating techniques for waveguide fabrication
Keywords :
coating techniques; diffusion in solids; ion exchange; lithium compounds; optical prisms; optical waveguides; optical workshop techniques; refractive index; 210 to 235 degC; H3P2O7 pyrophosphoric acid; H4PO4 orthophosphomic acid; LiNbO3; Z-cut proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides; benzoic acid; effective diffusion coefficients; immersion; optical quality; optical waveguide prism coupling measurements; orthophosphoric acid; pyrophosphoric acid; refractive index profiles; spin-coating; surface-coating; waveguide fabrication; waveguide properties;
Journal_Title :
Optoelectronics, IEE Proceedings J
