• DocumentCode
    1239565
  • Title

    Propagation Measurements in the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Band

  • Author

    White, David P. ; Willim, Donald K.

  • Author_Institution
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington
  • Volume
    22
  • Issue
    4
  • fYear
    1974
  • fDate
    4/1/1974 12:00:00 AM
  • Firstpage
    457
  • Lastpage
    467
  • Abstract
    An experimental measurement program has been conducted to determine propagation parameters in the 40-50 and 70-80 Hz ranges. These measurements have utilized a transmitter in Wisconsin radiating a sinusoidal signal at radiated power levels of 0.5 W at 45 Hz and 1 W at 75 Hz. Sites have been located at Nova Scotia, California, Utah, Hawaii, Norway, Greenland, Greece, and Saipan. Using sites on the same great circle path as the transmitter, it has been possible to estimate average attenuation rates and excitation factors with high accuracy subject to the constraints discussed in the paper. Both daytime and nighttime attenuation rates and excitation factors are discussed.
  • Keywords
    ELF propagation; Attenuation; Bandwidth; Conductivity; Frequency measurement; Geophysical measurement techniques; Ground penetrating radar; Ionosphere; Physics; Radar antennas; Underwater vehicles;
  • fLanguage
    English
  • Journal_Title
    Communications, IEEE Transactions on
  • Publisher
    ieee
  • ISSN
    0090-6778
  • Type

    jour

  • DOI
    10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092221
  • Filename
    1092221